Phages carry orphan antitoxin-like enzymes to neutralize the DarTG1 toxin-antitoxin defense system
Abstract The astounding number of anti-phage defenses encoded by bacteria is countered by an elaborate set of phage counter-defenses, though their evolutionary origins are often unknown.Here, we report the discovery of an orphan antitoxin counter-defense element tsc apparel houston in T4-like phages that can overcome the bacterial toxin-antitoxin p